Tumor cell-specific loss of GPX4 reprograms triacylglycerol metabolism to escape ferroptosis and impair antitumor immunity in non-small cell lung cancer

Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) is a master regulator of ferroptosis, a process that has been proposed as a potential therapeutic strategy for cancer. Here, we have unexpectedly found that inducible knockout of GPX4 in tumor cells significantly promotes non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) progression in the autochthonous Kras^LSL-G12D/+Lkb1^fl/fl (KL) and Kras^LSL-G12D/+Tp53^fl/fl (KP) mouse models, whereas inducible overexpression of GPX4 in tumor cells exerts the opposite effect. GPX4-deficient tumor cells evade ferroptosis by upregulating the expression of DGAT1/2 to promote the synthesis of triacylglycerol (TAG) and oxidized TAG (oxTAG) and the formation of lipid droplets in cells. In addition, GPX4-deficient tumor cells secrete TAG and oxTAG into the extracellular space to induce dysfunction of antitumor CD8⁺ T cells, thereby coordinating an immunoinhibitory tumor microenvironment (TME). Consistently, treatment with DGAT1/2 inhibitors or inducible overexpression of GPX4 in tumor cells significantly resensitizes tumor cells to ferroptosis and ignites the activation of T cells in the TME to inhibit NSCLC progression. These findings highlight a previously uncharacterized role of tumor cell-specific GPX4 in NSCLC progression and provide potential therapeutic strategies for NSCLC.